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| Title | Payments for Environmental Services: The Need for Redefinition? | | Author | Beria Leimona and Rudolf de Groot | | Editor | Laura Keenan, Ujol Sherchan and Sunita Chaudhary | | Year | 2010 | | Parent Title | Mountain Forum Bulletin | | Publisher | Mountain Forum Secretariat, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), IUCN, ICIMOD and the World Bank | | City of Publication | Kathmandu, Nepal | | Volume | X | | Issue | 1 | | Pages | 9-10 | | Call Number | PP0281-10 |
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| Abstract: |
| Evolution of PES
As an alternative to the “command-and-control” approach, increasing enthusiasm for market-based instruments (MBI) in environmental management arose in the early 80s. It was hoped that MBI, including packaging taxes, effluent taxes and charges, capital or operation subsidies, tradable permits, deposit-refund schemes, performance bonds, liability instruments, and many others, would reduce the cost of achieving environmental goals and distribute resources in more efficient ways. The 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development endorsed the use of MBIs as an important component of sustainable development. |
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GRP 6: Developing policies and incentives for multifunctional landscapes with trees that provide environmental services
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