| Abstract: |
| There are numerous ecosystem services provided by the natural world that are vitally important to the functioning of contemporary human society. These services can include tangible services (such as the provisioning of food, water, fuel, construction material and fibre) and intangible ones (such as the regulation of watershed protection, erosion prevention, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration). This chapter present the emergence of an increasingly popular framework for environmental management – referred to generically here as payments for ecosystem services (PES) – that seeks to incorporate such services within market – based instruments to create appropriate incentives for sustainable resource management and enhanced conservation outcomes. This is essentially a process of resource valorization and is a deliberate response to societal, ecological and technological changes. A number of proposals aimed at reducing terrestrial carbon emissions, generally under the rubric of REDD+, fall within the broad environmental management framework of PES. While many of the carbon – related payment schemes for avoided deforestation are still in the very early stages of design and trial implementation, the broader family of PES schemes have a slightly longer track record, from which important field lessons and experience can be drawn. This chapter reviews the development of resource management institutions and the implications of PES for environmental governance in Indonesia. |
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