| Journal Article |
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| Article Title | Reducing emissions from land use in Indonesia: motivation, policy instruments and expected funding streams | | Author | Meine van Noordwijk, Fahmuddin Agus, Sonya Dewi and Herry Purnomo | | Year | 2013 | | Journal Title | Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change | | Institution | Springer | | Pages | 1-16 | | Call Number | JA0491-13 | | Keywords | Land-based emissions, Multiple scales, NAMA, Policy analysis, REDD+ |
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| Abstract: |
| Land-based emissions of carbon dioxide derive from the interface of forest and
agriculture. Emission estimates require harmonization across forest and non-forest data sources.
Furthermore, emission reduction requires understanding of the linked causes and policy levers
between agriculture and forestry.The institutional forestry traditions dominated the emergence of
the discourse on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+)
while more holistic perspectives on land-based emissions, including agriculture, found a home in
international recognition for Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). We tested
the hypothesis that, at least for Indonesia, the NAMA framework provides opportunities to
resolve issues that REDD+ alone cannot address. We reviewed progress on five major challenges
identified in 2007 by the Indonesian Forest Climate Alliance: 1) scope and ‘forest’ definition; 2)
ownership and tenurial rights; 3) multiplicity and interconnectedness of drivers; 4) peatland
issues across forest and non-forest land categories; and 5) fairness and efficiency of benefitdistribution mechanisms across conservation, degradation and restoration phases of tree-cover
transition. Results indicate that the two policy instruments developed in parallel with competition
rather than synergy. Three of the REDD+ challenges can be resolved by treating REDD+ as a
subset of the NAMA and national emission reduction plans for Indonesia. We conclude that two
issues, rights and benefit distribution, remain a major challenge, and require progress on a
motivational pyramid of policy and polycentric governance. National interest in retaining global
palm oil exports gained priority over expectations of REDD forest rents. Genuine concerns over
climate change motivate a small but influential part of the ongoing debate. |
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