| Abstract: |
| The loss of biodiversity and biomass due to economic reasons has a high impact on the environmental services provided by landscapes as well as on landscape sustainability. Ideally, sustainable development can be achieved through increasing income while environmental conditions are well managed and even improved. There is a long history of plantations of resin, timber and perennial crops in Banjarnegara, Banyumas and Purbalingga districts. However, expansion of monocultures such as annual crops of vegetables has occurred at higher elevations designated as protected areas. Increasing the carbon stock and tree species diversity is an option to improve environmental conditions. In total, 75 plots (20 x 100 m) in 16 land use systems in Banyumas, Banjarnegara and Purbalingga were established to analyze the tree species composition and carbon stock content in each system. Low intensive management of complex agroforestry systems managed by smallholders contained a more diverse species range in all growth stages, but there were a more diverse range under medium-to-high intensive management by companies only in the seedling stage. Weeding activities direct impacted on naturally regenerating species in systems. Complex agroforest and slow-growing, timber-based agroforest contained 60% of the carbon stock in undisturbed forest and simple crop-based agroforest and fast-growing timber-based systems that in turn contained about 25% of the carbon stock of undisturbed forest. |
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