Land-use change in Sekadau District from 2012 to 2017 is categorized as quite large. The change covered 260,000 ha from mixed dryland farming with shrubs (mixed garden or agroforestry) to shrubland (newly vegetated land or field). This land-use change was aimed to increase the productivity of the land from mixed garden to other farming systems that were considered more profitable. Based on village typologies identified in this study, the villages in Sekadau District were classified into four clusters. These clusters are villages that likely to be extremely vulnerable to climate change (51 villages), highly vulnerable (17 villages), moderately vulnerable (1 village), and less vulnerable (17 village) | 
